🧪 FULL PRELIMS MOCK — 01

GS PAPER I — 100 Questions · 200 Marks · 2 Hours

+2 correct, −0.66 wrong. Mark on OMR before checking answers.

1. With reference to the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the following statements: 1. The people of the civilization were aware of the use of iron. 2. Lothal had an artificial dockyard. 3. The Great Bath was found at Harappa. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None

2. The "Objectives Resolution" that laid down the philosophy of the Constitution was moved in the Constituent Assembly by: (a) B.R. Ambedkar (b) Jawaharlal Nehru (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Sardar Patel

3. Consider the following pairs (river : city on its bank): 1. Sabarmati — Ahmedabad 2. Musi — Hyderabad 3. Gomti — Lucknow How many pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None

4. The term "repo rate" refers to: (a) The rate at which RBI lends to commercial banks against securities (b) The rate at which banks lend to their prime customers (c) The rate at which RBI borrows from commercial banks (d) The proportion of deposits banks must keep with RBI

5. Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the food chain of energy flow? (a) Producers → decomposers → consumers (b) Producers → primary consumers → secondary consumers → decomposers (c) Consumers → producers → decomposers (d) Decomposers → producers → consumers

6. Consider the following statements about the El Niño phenomenon: 1. It refers to the abnormal warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. 2. It is generally associated with a strong Indian summer monsoon. Which of the statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

7. The "Doctrine of Lapse" was associated with: (a) Lord Wellesley (b) Lord Cornwallis (c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Curzon

8. Which Article of the Constitution of India was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as its "heart and soul"? (a) Article 14 (b) Article 19 (c) Article 21 (d) Article 32

9. Consider the following conventions and their focus areas: 1. Ramsar Convention — Wetlands 2. CITES — Trade in endangered species 3. Montreal Protocol — Ozone-depleting substances How many pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None

10. The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution were added on the recommendation of the: (a) Sarkaria Commission (b) Swaran Singh Committee (c) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (d) Ashok Mehta Committee

11. With reference to the "Sixteen Mahajanapadas," which among the following ultimately became the most powerful? (a) Avanti (b) Vatsa (c) Magadha (d) Kosala

12. Which of the following best describes "fiscal deficit"? (a) Total expenditure minus total receipts excluding borrowings (b) Revenue expenditure minus revenue receipts (c) Fiscal deficit minus interest payments (d) The difference between exports and imports

13. "Jhum" cultivation is another name for: (a) Terrace farming (b) Shifting cultivation (c) Plantation agriculture (d) Dry farming

14. Consider the following statements regarding the Rajya Sabha: 1. It is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution. 2. One-third of its members retire every second year. 3. A money bill cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None

15. The "Poona Pact" of 1932 was signed between: (a) Gandhi and Jinnah (b) Gandhi and Ambedkar (c) Nehru and Jinnah (d) Gandhi and Irwin

16. Which of the following soils is most suitable for cotton cultivation? (a) Red soil (b) Laterite soil (c) Black (regur) soil (d) Alluvial soil

17. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI is primarily tasked with maintaining which of the following? (a) Exchange rate stability (b) Consumer price inflation within a target band (c) Fiscal deficit targets (d) Foreign exchange reserves

18. Consider the following statements about Buddhism: 1. Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment at Sarnath. 2. The Fourth Buddhist Council was held during the reign of Kanishka. Which of the statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

19. The "Tropic of Cancer" passes through how many Indian states? (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

20. Which schedule of the Constitution deals with the anti-defection law? (a) Eighth Schedule (b) Ninth Schedule (c) Tenth Schedule (d) Eleventh Schedule

21. "Sulh-i-kul," a policy of universal tolerance, is associated with: (a) Babur (b) Akbar (c) Aurangzeb (d) Shah Jahan

22. Consider the following about Government Securities (G-Secs): 1. They are issued by the RBI on behalf of the Government of India. 2. They carry sovereign guarantee and are considered risk-free. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

23. The phenomenon responsible for the blue colour of the sky is: (a) Reflection of light (b) Total internal reflection (c) Scattering of light (d) Dispersion of light

24. Which one of the following straits connects the Arabian Sea with the Bay of Bengal? (a) Palk Strait (b) Strait of Hormuz (c) Bering Strait (d) Malacca Strait

25. The concept of "basic structure" of the Constitution was propounded in which case? (a) Golaknath case (b) Kesavananda Bharati case (c) Minerva Mills case (d) Maneka Gandhi case

26. Consider the following statements on the Gupta period: 1. Aryabhata proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis. 2. Nalanda University flourished during this period. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

27. "Fiat money" refers to money that: (a) Is backed by gold reserves (b) Derives value from government decree, not intrinsic worth (c) Is used only in international trade (d) Is a form of commodity money

28. The "Western Disturbances" that bring winter rain to northwest India originate over the: (a) Bay of Bengal (b) Arabian Sea (c) Mediterranean Sea region (d) Indian Ocean

29. Which of the following is a "constitutional body"? (a) NITI Aayog (b) Central Bureau of Investigation (c) Finance Commission (d) National Human Rights Commission

30. The "Chauri Chaura" incident led to the suspension of which movement? (a) Civil Disobedience Movement (b) Non-Cooperation Movement (c) Quit India Movement (d) Khilafat Movement

31. Consider the following statements about mangrove forests: 1. They grow in saline coastal intertidal zones. 2. The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

32. In the context of the Indian economy, "M3" refers to: (a) Currency with the public (b) Broad money including time deposits (c) Reserve money (d) Bank credit to government

33. The "Kalinga War" was fought by: (a) Chandragupta Maurya (b) Bindusara (c) Ashoka (d) Samudragupta

34. Which Article empowers the President to promulgate ordinances? (a) Article 111 (b) Article 123 (c) Article 356 (d) Article 370

35. "Laterite soil" is typically found in regions with: (a) Low rainfall and high temperature (b) High rainfall and high temperature (c) Low rainfall and low temperature (d) High rainfall and low temperature

36. Consider the following statements about the National Green Tribunal (NGT): 1. It was established under a statute. 2. It is a constitutional body. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

37. The "Drain of Wealth" theory was propounded by: (a) R.C. Dutt (b) Dadabhai Naoroji (c) M.G. Ranade (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

38. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? (a) Methane (b) Nitrous oxide (c) Nitrogen (d) Water vapour

39. The southernmost point of India (Indira Point) is located in: (a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Great Nicobar Island (d) Lakshadweep

40. The "collegium system" of appointing judges evolved from: (a) The First Judges Case only (b) The Second and Third Judges Cases (c) Article 124 as originally enacted (d) The 99th Constitutional Amendment

41. "Din-i-Ilahi" was propagated by Akbar in which year (approximately)? (a) 1556 (b) 1582 (c) 1605 (d) 1526

42. Consider the following about the current account of the Balance of Payments: 1. It includes trade in goods and services. 2. It includes foreign direct investment. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

43. The "Coriolis force" is: (a) Maximum at the equator (b) Zero at the poles (c) Maximum at the poles and zero at the equator (d) Uniform across all latitudes

44. Which of the following is a feature of "cooperative federalism" in India? (a) The residuary powers vesting with the Centre (b) The GST Council (c) The Governor's discretionary powers (d) The single citizenship provision

45. The Revolt of 1857 began at: (a) Delhi (b) Kanpur (c) Meerut (d) Lucknow

46. "Biomagnification" refers to: (a) The increase in biomass at each trophic level (b) The increasing concentration of toxins in organisms at higher trophic levels (c) The magnification of cells under a microscope (d) An increase in biodiversity in an ecosystem

47. Which of the following rivers flows through a rift valley? (a) Ganga (b) Godavari (c) Narmada (d) Cauvery

48. Under the Indian Constitution, the "Right to Property" is now a: (a) Fundamental Right under Article 19 (b) Fundamental Right under Article 31 (c) Legal right under Article 300A (d) Directive Principle

49. The "Champaran Satyagraha" of 1917 was related to: (a) Textile mill workers (b) Indigo planters/cultivators (c) Salt tax (d) Land revenue in Gujarat

50. Consider the following statements on inflation: 1. WPI does not include the prices of services. 2. The RBI's inflation target is based on the CPI. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

51. "Sangam literature" was composed primarily in which language? (a) Sanskrit (b) Prakrit (c) Tamil (d) Pali

52. The "Nazca" and "Cocos" are examples of: (a) Ocean currents (b) Tectonic plates (c) Desert winds (d) Coral reefs

53. Which body recommends the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and States? (a) NITI Aayog (b) Finance Commission (c) GST Council (d) Planning Commission

54. "Ahom" kingdom was located in which present-day region? (a) Bengal (b) Assam (c) Odisha (d) Kerala

55. The "greenhouse effect" is caused by gases that are transparent to: (a) Incoming infrared but opaque to outgoing visible light (b) Incoming shortwave radiation but absorb outgoing longwave radiation (c) Both incoming and outgoing radiation equally (d) Neither incoming nor outgoing radiation

56. Which of the following is a "regulatory body" established by a statute? (a) SEBI (b) NITI Aayog (c) Finance Commission (d) Election Commission

57. The "Battle of Buxar" (1764) established British control over which region's revenues? (a) Punjab (b) Bengal, Bihar and Odisha (c) Mysore (d) Awadh

58. Consider the following about ocean salinity: 1. Salinity generally decreases from the equator towards the poles beyond the subtropics. 2. Enclosed seas in subtropical regions tend to have high salinity. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

59. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act deals with: (a) Urban local bodies (b) Panchayati Raj Institutions (c) Anti-defection (d) Official languages

60. "Bhakti movement" saint Ramananda is associated with which region? (a) Maharashtra (b) North India (c) Bengal (d) Karnataka

61. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? (Space mission : agency) (a) Chandrayaan — NASA (b) Mangalyaan — ISRO (c) Artemis — ISRO (d) Hayabusa — ESA

62. "Fundamental Rights" can be suspended during: (a) A no-confidence motion (b) A National Emergency (except Articles 20 and 21) (c) President's Rule in a state (d) A financial emergency automatically

63. The "Doldrums" are associated with: (a) The subtropical high-pressure belt (b) The equatorial low-pressure belt (c) The polar high (d) The temperate low

64. Which one of these is a "khadar" soil? (a) Old alluvium (b) New alluvium deposited by floods (c) Black volcanic soil (d) Coastal saline soil

65. The concept of "Poverty Line" in India has historically been based primarily on: (a) Income levels (b) Calorie intake / consumption expenditure (c) Asset ownership (d) Housing conditions

66. "Vijayanagara" empire's ruler Krishnadevaraya authored which literary work? (a) Amuktamalyada (b) Prithviraj Raso (c) Rajatarangini (d) Gita Govinda

67. Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer? (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Chlorofluorocarbons (c) Methane (d) Sulphur dioxide

68. The "Speaker" of the Lok Sabha is: (a) Nominated by the President (b) Elected by the members of the Lok Sabha (c) Appointed by the Prime Minister (d) Elected by both Houses jointly

69. "Estuaries" are typically formed by rivers that: (a) Deposit large amounts of sediment forming deltas (b) Flow through hard rock with strong tidal action, forming funnel mouths (c) Flow only during the monsoon (d) Originate from glaciers

70. The "Simon Commission" was boycotted primarily because: (a) It recommended partition (b) It had no Indian members (c) It imposed the salt tax (d) It abolished the provincial legislatures

71. Consider the following statements about the National Parks of India: 1. Kaziranga National Park is famous for the one-horned rhinoceros. 2. Gir National Park is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic lion. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

72. Which of the following best describes "disguised unemployment"? (a) Unemployment due to seasonal factors (b) More people employed than actually required, with zero marginal productivity (c) Unemployment during economic recession (d) Voluntary unemployment

73. "Ashtapradhan" was the council of ministers of: (a) The Mughals (b) Shivaji (the Marathas) (c) The Cholas (d) The Guptas

74. The "El Niño Southern Oscillation" (ENSO) involves interactions between: (a) Only ocean currents (b) The ocean and the atmosphere (c) Only wind systems (d) Tectonic plates and ocean

75. Which Article provides for the "Financial Emergency"? (a) Article 352 (b) Article 356 (c) Article 360 (d) Article 365

76. "Todar Mal" is associated with which reform in Mughal administration? (a) Military mansabdari (b) Land revenue settlement (c) Religious policy (d) Coinage reform

77. Consider the following about the demographic dividend: 1. It refers to the growth potential from a rising share of working-age population. 2. It is a permanent feature once achieved. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

78. The "Deccan Traps" were formed by: (a) River deposition (b) Volcanic (basaltic lava) activity (c) Glacial action (d) Wind erosion

79. Which of the following is a "Directive Principle of State Policy"? (a) Right to equality (b) Uniform Civil Code (c) Right to freedom of speech (d) Right to constitutional remedies

80. "Muziris," an ancient port trading with Rome, was located on the coast of present-day: (a) Gujarat (b) Kerala (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Odisha

81. The "Kyoto Protocol" is associated with: (a) Biodiversity conservation (b) Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (c) Wetland protection (d) Trade in hazardous waste

82. Which one of the following is correct about a "Money Bill"? (a) It can be introduced in either House (b) The Rajya Sabha can amend and reject it (c) The Speaker's decision on whether a bill is a money bill is final (d) It requires the President's prior recommendation and can originate in Rajya Sabha

83. "Sufi" saint Moinuddin Chishti's dargah is located at: (a) Delhi (b) Ajmer (c) Agra (d) Fatehpur Sikri

84. "Isohyets" are lines on a map joining places of equal: (a) Temperature (b) Rainfall (c) Pressure (d) Sunshine

85. The "Preamble" was amended by which Constitutional Amendment to add the words "Socialist" and "Secular"? (a) 24th (b) 42nd (c) 44th (d) 52nd

86. "Guru Nanak" was the founder of: (a) Bhakti Sabha (b) Sikhism (c) Arya Samaj (d) Brahmo Samaj

87. Which of the following describes "carbon sequestration"? (a) Emission of carbon dioxide from factories (b) Long-term capture and storage of atmospheric CO₂ (c) Trade in carbon credits (d) Burning of fossil fuels

88. The "Attorney General of India" is appointed under which Article? (a) Article 76 (b) Article 148 (c) Article 324 (d) Article 280

89. The "Prarthana Samaj" was founded in which region? (a) Bengal (b) Bombay/Maharashtra (c) Punjab (d) Madras

90. "Contour ploughing" is a method used primarily to: (a) Increase mechanization (b) Prevent soil erosion (c) Improve irrigation (d) Increase salinity

91. Which of the following is NOT a member of the "BRICS" grouping (original five)? (a) Brazil (b) Russia (c) Indonesia (d) South Africa

92. The "42nd Amendment Act" is often called the: (a) Mini-Constitution (b) People's Amendment (c) Federal Amendment (d) Judicial Amendment

93. "Kanha" and "Bandhavgarh" tiger reserves are located in: (a) Rajasthan (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Karnataka (d) Assam

94. Which one of these describes "fiscal drag"? (a) Automatic rise in tax revenue when inflation pushes incomes into higher brackets (b) A fall in tax revenue during recession (c) The lag between policy and its effect (d) Delay in government spending

95. The "Ilbert Bill" controversy occurred during the viceroyalty of: (a) Lord Lytton (b) Lord Ripon (c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Dufferin

96. "Coral bleaching" occurs primarily due to: (a) Ocean acidification only (b) Rise in sea surface temperature stressing the coral–algae symbiosis (c) Overfishing (d) Oil spills

97. Which Schedule contains the list of official languages of India? (a) Sixth Schedule (b) Seventh Schedule (c) Eighth Schedule (d) Tenth Schedule

98. The "Home Rule Movement" in India was led by: (a) Gandhi and Nehru (b) Tilak and Annie Besant (c) Bhagat Singh and Azad (d) Gokhale and Ranade

99. "Thermal inversion" in the atmosphere refers to: (a) A decrease in temperature with height (normal) (b) An increase in temperature with height, trapping pollutants (c) A reversal of wind direction (d) A change in ocean temperature

100. Consider the following statements about the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): 1. It is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. 2. Its chairperson must be a former Chief Justice of India or a former Judge of the Supreme Court. Which is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

CSAT PAPER II — 80 Questions · 200 Marks · 2 Hours

+2.5 correct, −0.83 wrong (decision-making: no negative).

1. If in a certain code "TABLE" is written as "UBCMF", how is "CHAIR" written? (a) DIBJS (b) DIBSJ (c) BGZHQ (d) DJBKS

2. A train 150 m long crosses a pole in 15 seconds. Its speed is: (a) 10 m/s (b) 15 m/s (c) 20 m/s (d) 36 m/s

3. Find the next term: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ? (a) 40 (b) 42 (c) 44 (d) 36

4. If A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26, the sum of letters in "CAB" is: (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 4

5. A man walks 5 km north, turns right and walks 3 km, then turns right and walks 5 km. How far is he from the start? (a) 3 km (b) 5 km (c) 8 km (d) 13 km

6. The average of 5 consecutive numbers is 20. The largest number is: (a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 24

7. If 20% of a number is 40, then 35% of the number is: (a) 60 (b) 70 (c) 80 (d) 75

8. A shopkeeper marks goods 40% above cost and gives a 25% discount. His profit percent is: (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) 12%

9. Pointing to a photograph, a woman says, "He is the son of my grandfather's only son." How is the man related to the woman? (a) Brother (b) Father (c) Uncle (d) Cousin

10. A and B can do a work in 12 and 18 days respectively. Working together, they finish it in: (a) 6.5 days (b) 7.2 days (c) 7.5 days (d) 8 days

Passage (Q11–13): "Economic growth without distribution can widen inequality. A society that grows richer in aggregate while its poorest are left behind risks social instability. True development, therefore, must measure not only how much wealth is created but how widely it is shared."

11. The central idea of the passage is: (a) Economic growth is undesirable (b) Growth must be accompanied by equitable distribution (c) Inequality is necessary for growth (d) Only the poorest matter in development

12. According to the passage, what does "true development" require? (a) Maximum aggregate wealth (b) Both wealth creation and its wide sharing (c) Elimination of all wealth (d) Focus only on the rich

13. "Risks social instability" implies that unequal growth may lead to: (a) Faster growth (b) Social tension/unrest (c) Political stability (d) Higher savings

14. The compound interest on ₹10,000 at 10% per annum for 2 years is: (a) ₹2000 (b) ₹2100 (c) ₹2200 (d) ₹1100

15. In a row of 40 students, Rahul is 12th from the left. His position from the right is: (a) 28th (b) 29th (c) 30th (d) 27th

16. If "+" means "×", "×" means "−", "−" means "÷", "÷" means "+", then 16 ÷ 4 − 2 × 3 = ? (a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 13 (d) 18

17. A clock shows 3:00. The angle between the hour and minute hands is: (a) 60° (b) 90° (c) 120° (d) 45°

18. The ratio of two numbers is 3:5 and their sum is 64. The smaller number is: (a) 24 (b) 40 (c) 32 (d) 20

19. Which number is the odd one out: 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64? (a) 9 (b) 36 (c) None — all are perfect squares (d) 64

20. A car covers a distance in 6 hours at 60 km/h. To cover the same distance in 4 hours, its speed must be: (a) 80 km/h (b) 90 km/h (c) 100 km/h (d) 75 km/h

21. (Decision-making) You are a district officer. During a flood, you receive conflicting reports about which village needs rescue first. The most appropriate first action is to: (a) Wait for official confirmation before acting (b) Quickly verify through multiple field sources and deploy resources to the most endangered area (c) Rescue the village nearest to your office (d) Refer the matter to higher authorities and take no action

22. If the day before yesterday was Thursday, what day will it be the day after tomorrow? (a) Sunday (b) Monday (c) Tuesday (d) Wednesday

23. A sum doubles in 5 years at simple interest. The rate of interest per annum is: (a) 10% (b) 15% (c) 20% (d) 25%

24. Find the missing number: 7, 14, 28, 56, ? (a) 84 (b) 98 (c) 112 (d) 120

25. The LCM of 12, 15 and 20 is: (a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 120

26. In a certain code, "MONKEY" is written as "XDJMNL" (each letter replaced by the preceding letter). How is "TIGER" written? (a) SHFDQ (b) UJHFS (c) SHFEQ (d) RHFDP

27. A shopkeeper sells an item for ₹575 at a loss of 25%. The cost price was: (a) ₹700 (b) ₹766 (c) ₹720 (d) ₹800 (approx)

28. Two pipes fill a tank in 20 and 30 minutes. Together they fill it in: (a) 10 min (b) 12 min (c) 15 min (d) 25 min

Passage (Q29–31): "Access to safe drinking water is not merely a matter of convenience but a fundamental determinant of public health. Waterborne diseases account for a large share of preventable deaths in developing nations, disproportionately affecting children. Investment in water infrastructure yields returns far exceeding its cost, in health, productivity, and human dignity."

29. The passage primarily argues that safe drinking water is: (a) A luxury for the rich (b) A crucial public health necessity with high returns on investment (c) Only relevant to children (d) An unaffordable expense

30. "Returns far exceeding its cost" refers to benefits in: (a) Water taste only (b) Health, productivity and dignity (c) Tourism (d) Military strength

31. Which group is described as disproportionately affected? (a) The elderly (b) Children (c) Urban adults (d) Farmers

32. If 5 workers build a wall in 18 days, how many days will 9 workers take (same rate)? (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 15

33. The number 0.0025 expressed as a fraction is: (a) 1/40 (b) 1/400 (c) 1/4000 (d) 25/100

34. A is taller than B, C is taller than A, D is taller than C. Who is the tallest? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

35. A father is 3 times as old as his son. After 12 years, he will be twice as old. The son's present age is: (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 16

36. Simplify: 25% of 200 + 10% of 500 = (a) 90 (b) 100 (c) 110 (d) 120

37. In a group of 60 people, 35 read newspaper A, 25 read B, and 10 read both. How many read neither? (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20

38. The next figure-number in the series 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 is: (a) 30 (b) 36 (c) 49 (d) 42

39. A boat goes 12 km downstream in 2 hours and returns in 3 hours. Speed of the stream: (a) 1 km/h (b) 2 km/h (c) 3 km/h (d) 4 km/h

40. (Decision-making) A colleague repeatedly takes credit for your work in front of superiors. The most constructive response is: (a) Publicly humiliate the colleague in the next meeting (b) Calmly document your contributions and discuss the issue directly and professionally with the colleague, escalating only if unresolved (c) Sabotage the colleague's next project (d) Silently accept it and do nothing

41. If P is the brother of Q, Q is the sister of R, and R is the son of S, then S is P's: (a) Brother (b) Father or Mother (c) Uncle (d) Cannot be determined precisely, but a parent

42. The square root of 1764 is: (a) 42 (b) 44 (c) 46 (d) 48

43. A number when divided by 7 leaves remainder 4. What is the remainder when twice the number is divided by 7? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

44. The average age of 30 students is 12. If the teacher's age is included, the average becomes 13. The teacher's age is: (a) 40 (b) 43 (c) 45 (d) 48

45. Find the odd one out: Rose, Lotus, Marigold, Mango (a) Rose (b) Lotus (c) Marigold (d) Mango

46. A alone can do a job in 10 days, B in 15. They start together but A leaves after 2 days. B finishes the rest in: (a) 8 days (b) 10 days (c) 12 days (d) 9 days

47. 15% of 40% of 200 is: (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18

48. In a code, if "CAT" = 24, "DOG" = 26, using the sum of alphabet positions, what is "COW"? (a) 41 (b) 42 (c) 40 (d) 39

49. A rectangle has length 12 cm and area 96 cm². Its perimeter is: (a) 36 cm (b) 40 cm (c) 44 cm (d) 48 cm

50. The mean of first 10 natural numbers is: (a) 5 (b) 5.5 (c) 6 (d) 4.5

Passage (Q51–53): "Bureaucracy, often criticized for rigidity, was designed precisely for predictability and impartiality. Rules exist so that a citizen's outcome does not depend on which official they meet. Yet the same rules, applied without judgment, can produce absurd or unjust results. The art of good administration lies in balancing rule-following with reasoned discretion."

51. The passage suggests that rules in bureaucracy primarily ensure: (a) Speed (b) Predictability and impartiality (c) Profit (d) Popularity

52. The "art of good administration" involves: (a) Ignoring all rules (b) Balancing rules with reasoned discretion (c) Following rules with no exception (d) Maximizing discretion

53. The passage's attitude towards bureaucracy is: (a) Wholly negative (b) Balanced — acknowledging both purpose and pitfalls (c) Wholly positive (d) Indifferent

54. If the radius of a circle is doubled, its area becomes: (a) Double (b) Triple (c) Four times (d) Same

55. Complete the series: AZ, BY, CX, ? (a) DV (b) DW (c) EW (d) DU

56. A sum of ₹1500 amounts to ₹1800 in 4 years at simple interest. The rate is: (a) 4% (b) 5% (c) 6% (d) 7%

57. The product of two consecutive even numbers is 168. The numbers are: (a) 10 and 12 (b) 12 and 14 (c) 14 and 16 (d) 8 and 10

58. A cube has a volume of 27 cm³. Its total surface area is: (a) 27 cm² (b) 36 cm² (c) 54 cm² (d) 9 cm²

59. (Decision-making) You discover a minor accounting error made by a subordinate that has not yet caused harm. You should: (a) Ignore it since no harm occurred (b) Point it out privately, help correct it, and put a check in place to prevent recurrence (c) Report the subordinate for dismissal (d) Fix it yourself secretly and never mention it

60. If 3x − 7 = 14, then x = (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

61. In a class, the ratio of boys to girls is 4:3. If there are 28 boys, the number of girls is: (a) 18 (b) 21 (c) 24 (d) 20

62. Find the wrong term: 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, 62 (a) 24 (b) 35 (c) 48 (d) 62

63. Two dice are thrown. The probability of getting a sum of 7 is: (a) 1/6 (b) 1/9 (c) 1/12 (d) 5/36

64. A can complete a task in 20 hours, B in 30. If they work alternately starting with A (one hour each), the task is done in about: (a) 22 hours (b) 24 hours (c) 26 hours (d) 20 hours

65. The value of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 is: (a) 0.125 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.0125 (d) 1.5

66. If TODAY is coded as UPEBZ (each letter +1), then FRIDAY is coded as: (a) GSJEBZ (b) GSJECZ (c) ESJEBZ (d) GTJEBZ

67. A man spends 75% of his income and saves ₹500. His income is: (a) ₹1500 (b) ₹2000 (c) ₹2500 (d) ₹3000

68. The angle of a semicircle (angle in a semicircle) is: (a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 180°

69. If the mean of x, x+2, x+4, x+6, x+8 is 20, then x = (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 20

70. Which one does not belong: 121, 144, 169, 180, 196? (a) 144 (b) 169 (c) 180 (d) 196

Passage (Q71–73): "The precautionary principle holds that where an activity raises threats of serious harm, protective measures should be taken even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. Critics argue it can paralyze innovation; proponents counter that the cost of inaction on irreversible harms is too high."

71. The precautionary principle advises action when: (a) Harm is fully proven (b) There is a threat of serious harm even without full scientific certainty (c) There is no risk (d) Innovation is guaranteed

72. Critics of the principle argue that it: (a) Encourages recklessness (b) Can paralyze innovation (c) Ignores the environment (d) Is too weak

73. The proponents' key concern is: (a) The cost of innovation (b) The cost of inaction on irreversible harm (c) Economic growth alone (d) Reducing regulation

74. A shopkeeper buys 12 apples for ₹100 and sells 10 apples for ₹100. His profit percent is: (a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 10%

75. The next term: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ? (a) 18 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 24

76. If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, then a:c is: (a) 8:15 (b) 2:5 (c) 8:12 (d) 6:10

77. A train running at 72 km/h crosses a 200 m platform in 15 seconds. The length of the train is: (a) 100 m (b) 120 m (c) 150 m (d) 200 m

78. The simple interest on a sum for 3 years at 5% is ₹150. The sum is: (a) ₹800 (b) ₹1000 (c) ₹1200 (d) ₹900

79. In a certain family code, the youngest of 5 siblings is ranked 5th from the eldest. If there are 5 siblings, the eldest is ranked ___ from the youngest: (a) 4th (b) 5th (c) 1st (d) 6th

80. A worker's efficiency increases by 25%. The time he now takes compared to before is: (a) 25% less (b) 20% less (c) 25% more (d) 20% more

✅ ANSWER KEYS & EXPLANATIONS — MOCK 01

GS Paper I

(a) Only statement 2 is correct. IVC did not use iron (Iron Age came later); the Great Bath was at Mohenjo-daro, not Harappa; Lothal did have a dockyard.
(b) Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution (13 Dec 1946), which later became the Preamble's basis.
(c) All three correctly matched — Sabarmati/Ahmedabad, Musi/Hyderabad, Gomti/Lucknow.
(a) Repo is RBI's lending rate to banks against securities.
(b) Energy flows producers → consumers → decomposers.
(a) El Niño is warming of central/eastern Pacific; it is linked to a weak Indian monsoon, so statement 2 is wrong.
(c) Doctrine of Lapse — Lord Dalhousie.
(d) Article 32 — right to constitutional remedies.
(c) All three conventions correctly matched.
(b) Fundamental Duties added (42nd Amdt) on Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation.
(c) Magadha became the most powerful Mahajanapada.
(a) Fiscal deficit = total expenditure − total receipts excluding borrowings.
(b) Jhum = shifting cultivation.
(c) All three correct about Rajya Sabha.
(b) Poona Pact — Gandhi and Ambedkar (1932).
(c) Black regur soil suits cotton.
(b) MPC targets CPI inflation (4% ±2%).
(b) Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya (not Sarnath — first sermon was there). Fourth Council under Kanishka is correct.
(c) Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states.
(c) Tenth Schedule — anti-defection.
(b) Sulh-i-kul (universal peace) — Akbar.
(c) Both correct — G-Secs issued by RBI on govt's behalf, sovereign-guaranteed.
(c) Scattering of light (Rayleigh) — blue sky.
(a) Palk Strait area separates India/Sri Lanka; it links the Bay of Bengal (via Palk Bay) with the Gulf of Mannar/Arabian Sea side. (Best fit among options.)
(b) Kesavananda Bharati (1973) — basic structure doctrine.
(c) Both correct — Aryabhata (Earth's rotation), Nalanda flourished.
(b) Fiat money derives value from government decree.
(c) Western Disturbances originate over the Mediterranean region.
(c) Finance Commission is a constitutional body (Art 280).
(b) Chauri Chaura → suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement.
(c) Both correct about mangroves/Sundarbans.
(b) M3 = broad money (incl. time deposits).
(c) Kalinga War — Ashoka.
(b) Article 123 — presidential ordinances.
(b) Laterite soil — high rainfall + high temperature (leaching).
(a) NGT is statutory (NGT Act 2010), not constitutional.
(b) Drain of Wealth — Dadabhai Naoroji.
(c) Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas.
(c) Indira Point — Great Nicobar Island.
(b) Collegium evolved from the Second (1993) and Third (1998) Judges Cases.
(b) Din-i-Ilahi ~1582.
(a) Current account includes goods/services; FDI is in the capital account, so 2 is wrong.
(c) Coriolis force is maximum at poles, zero at equator.
(b) GST Council — cooperative federalism.
(c) 1857 revolt began at Meerut.
(b) Biomagnification — toxin concentration rises up trophic levels.
(c) Narmada flows through a rift valley.
(c) Right to Property — legal right (Art 300A).
(b) Champaran — indigo cultivators.
(c) Both correct — WPI excludes services; RBI targets CPI.
(c) Sangam literature — Tamil.
(b) Nazca and Cocos are tectonic plates.
(b) Finance Commission recommends tax devolution.
(b) Ahom kingdom — Assam.
(b) Greenhouse gases let in shortwave, absorb outgoing longwave.
(a) SEBI is a statutory regulatory body.
(b) Buxar → Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, Odisha.
(c) Both correct about salinity.
(b) 73rd Amendment — Panchayati Raj.
(b) Ramananda — North India.
(b) Mangalyaan — ISRO.
(b) FRs suspended in National Emergency except Art 20 & 21.
(b) Doldrums — equatorial low pressure.
(b) Khadar — new flood-deposited alluvium.
(b) Poverty line historically based on calorie/consumption expenditure.
(a) Krishnadevaraya wrote Amuktamalyada.
(b) CFCs deplete ozone.
(b) Speaker elected by Lok Sabha members.
(b) Estuaries — funnel mouths with tidal action.
(b) Simon Commission boycotted — no Indian members.
(c) Both correct — Kaziranga (rhino), Gir (lion).
(b) Disguised unemployment — surplus labour, zero marginal productivity.
(b) Ashtapradhan — Shivaji's council.
(b) ENSO — ocean–atmosphere interaction.
(c) Financial Emergency — Article 360.
(b) Todar Mal — land revenue settlement.
(a) Only 1 correct — dividend is a window, not permanent.
(b) Deccan Traps — volcanic basalt.
(b) Uniform Civil Code — a DPSP (Art 44).
(b) Muziris — Kerala coast.
(b) Kyoto Protocol — GHG emission reduction.
(c) Speaker's decision on money bill is final.
(b) Moinuddin Chishti's dargah — Ajmer.
(b) Isohyets — equal rainfall.
(b) 42nd Amendment added Socialist and Secular.
(b) Guru Nanak — founder of Sikhism.
(b) Carbon sequestration — capture/storage of CO₂.
(a) Attorney General — Article 76.
(b) Prarthana Samaj — Bombay/Maharashtra.
(b) Contour ploughing — prevents soil erosion.
(c) Indonesia was not among the original five BRICS.
(a) 42nd Amendment — "Mini-Constitution."
(b) Kanha & Bandhavgarh — Madhya Pradesh.
(a) Fiscal drag — inflation pushing incomes into higher tax brackets.
(b) Ilbert Bill — under Lord Ripon.
(b) Coral bleaching — rising sea temperature.
(c) Eighth Schedule — official languages.
(b) Home Rule — Tilak and Annie Besant.
(b) Thermal inversion — temperature rises with height, traps pollutants.
(c) Both correct about NHRC.

CSAT Paper II

(a) Each letter +1: CHAIR → DIBJS.
(a) 150/15 = 10 m/s.
(b) Differences 4,6,8,10,12 → 30+12 = 42.
(b) C(3)+A(1)+B(2)=6.
(a) Net vertical 0, horizontal 3 km → 3 km. (5 north, 5 south cancel; 3 east remains.)
(c) Middle=20 → numbers 18,19,20,21,22 → largest 22.
(b) Number = 200; 35% = 70.
(a) 1.40×0.75 = 1.05 → 5% profit.
(a) Grandfather's only son = her father; his son = her brother.
(b) 1/12+1/18 = 5/36 → 36/5 = 7.2 days.
(b) Growth must include equitable distribution.
(b) Both wealth creation and wide sharing.
(b) Social tension/unrest.
(b) CI: 10000×1.1²−10000 = 2100.
(b) 40−12+1 = 29th.
(a) 16+4−2÷3 (after substitution: 16÷4 becomes 16+4=... ) → applying: 16 ÷4 −2 ×3 → with codes: ÷=+ so 16+4=20; −=÷... careful: expression becomes 16+4÷2−3? Standard answer keyed: (a) 15. (Substitute: ÷→+, −→÷, ×→−: 16+4÷2−3 → 16+2−3 = 15.)
(b) 3:00 → 90°.
(a) 3+5=8 parts=64 → 1 part=8 → smaller=24.
(c) All are perfect squares.
(b) Distance 360 km; 360/4 = 90 km/h.
(b) Verify quickly and deploy to most endangered area.
(b) Day before yesterday Thu → today Sat → day after tomorrow Mon.
(c) Doubles in 5 yrs SI → 100% in 5 yrs → 20%/yr.
(c) ×2 each → 112.
(b) LCM(12,15,20)=60.
(a) Each letter −1: TIGER → SHFDQ.
(b) 575/0.75 ≈ 766.67 → ₹766.
(b) 1/20+1/30 = 1/12 → 12 min.
(b) Water is a public health necessity with high returns.
(b) Health, productivity, dignity.
(b) Children.
(a) 5×18=90 worker-days; 90/9 = 10 days.
(b) 0.0025 = 25/10000 = 1/400.
(d) D>C>A>B → D tallest.
(b) 3s→ son 12: father 36; +12: 48 vs 24 (2×). Son=12.
(b) 50+50 = 100.
(b) A∪B = 35+25−10 = 50; neither = 60−50 = 10.
(b) Squares → 36.
(a) Down speed 6, up 4 → stream = (6−4)/2 = 1 km/h.
(b) Document contributions, address professionally, escalate if needed.
(b) S is parent (father or mother) of P.
(a) √1764 = 42.
(a) N=7k+4; 2N=14k+8 → remainder 1.
(b) Total 30×12=360; new total 31×13=403 → teacher 43.
(d) Mango — not a flower.
(b) A+B in 2 days: 2(1/10+1/15)=2×1/6=1/3; remaining 2/3; B: (2/3)/(1/15)=10 days.
(b) 40% of 200=80; 15% of 80=12.
(a) C(3)+O(15)+W(23)=41.
(c) Width=96/12=8; perimeter=2(12+8)=40. → (b) 40 cm.
(b) (1+...+10)/10 = 55/10 = 5.5.
(b) Predictability and impartiality.
(b) Balancing rules with reasoned discretion.
(b) Balanced view.
(c) Area ∝ r² → four times.
(b) First +1 (A,B,C,D), second −1 (Z,Y,X,W) → DW.
(b) SI=300 over 4 yrs on 1500 → 300=1500×r×4/100 → r=5%.
(b) 12×14 = 168.
(c) Side=3; SA=6×9=54.
(b) Correct privately and add a preventive check.
(c) 3x=21 → x=7.
(b) 4 parts=28 → 1 part=7 → girls=21.
(d) Series n²−1: 3,8,15,24,35,48,63 → 62 is wrong (should be 63).
(a) Sum 7 → 6/36 = 1/6.
(b) Approx 24 hours (A does 1/20, B 1/30 alternately). Keyed (b).
(a) 0.125.
(a) +1 each: FRIDAY → GSJEBZ.
(b) Saves 25% = 500 → income 2000.
(c) Angle in semicircle = 90°.
(b) Mean = x+4 = 20 → x=16.
(c) 180 is not a perfect square.
(b) Act on threat of serious harm without full certainty.
(b) Can paralyze innovation.
(b) Cost of inaction on irreversible harm.
(b) CP/apple=100/12; SP/apple=10; profit% = (10−8.33)/8.33 ≈ 20%.
(c) Fibonacci → 21.
(a) a:b:c = 8:12:15 → a:c = 8:15.
(a) 72 km/h=20 m/s; 20×15=300=train+200 → train=100 m.
(b) 150=P×5×3/100 → P=1000.
(c) Eldest is 1st from youngest.
(b) Time ∝ 1/efficiency; new time = 1/1.25 = 0.8 → 20% less.

Score yourself: GS /200 · CSAT /200. Log in your error notebook. Then do the 3-hour analysis before touching Mock 02.